Research on functional foods and their functional ingredients for regulating gut microbiota
March 22, 2024
01
Regulating gut microbiota
Frequency of use of functional foods Functional foods that regulate gut microbiota mainly include probiotics, traditional Chinese medicine that can be used for health food, medicinal food homologous traditional Chinese medicine, and ordinary foods. As of July 1, 2016, the data query results of the State Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) showed that there were a total of 106 approved domestically produced functional foods for regulating gut microbiota, using 86 types of raw materials and a cumulative frequency of 387 times. Among them, there are 15 types of probiotics, used 114 times. According to the frequency of use, the top 5 are Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Bifidobacterium bifidum; Secondly, oligosaccharides have the highest frequency of use, reaching 47 times, with oligofructose being used 28 times and xylooligosaccharide being used 19 times, respectively; There are a total of 18 materials with the same origin in medicine and food, with a frequency of use of 34 times. According to the frequency of use, the top 5 are tangerine peel, Poria cocos, cassia seed, sand kernel, and hawthorn; There are 14 types of raw materials for health food, with a frequency of use of 17 times. According to the frequency of use, the top 5 are Codonopsis pilosula, Atractylodes macrocephala, Senna leaf, White peony, and Rehmannia glutinosa; There are 14 types of ordinary food ingredients, with a frequency of use of 74 times. According to the frequency of use, the top 5 are lemon, starch, corn, apple, and chicory inulin; There are 25 types of food additives, with a frequency of use of 148 times. According to the frequency of use, the top 5 are oligofructose, dextrin, xylooligosaccharides, citric acid, and isomaltooligosaccharides.
02
Regulating gut microbiota
Classification and efficacy of functional foods The approved functional foods that assist in regulating gut microbiota can be roughly divided into three types. The first method uses probiotics as raw materials to directly supplement the human body with probiotics to regulate the gut microbiota. The second method uses traditional Chinese medicine combined with other nutritional fortifiers or ordinary foods as raw materials, combined with traditional Chinese medicine formulas, modern Chinese medicine theory, and modern nutritional medicine compatibility basis, to add different types of raw materials to regulate the gut microbiota. The third method is to regulate gut microbiota by promoting gastrointestinal peristalsis and digestion through oligosaccharides and dietary fiber. 2.1 Oligosaccharides
Oligosaccharides are utilized by probiotics and promote the proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the intestine, enhancing the competitive advantage of probiotics. When oligosaccharides enter the colon, they can stimulate the growth of one or a few probiotics in the colon, which is beneficial for the growth of the host. Non digestible oligosaccharides have prebiotic functions, which can promote the growth of bifidobacteria, inhibit the proliferation of pathogenic and harmful bacteria in the intestine, reduce the number of harmful bacteria in the intestine, and regulate the gut microbiota ecosystem. Research has shown that isomaltooligosaccharides can increase the number of bifidobacteria, thereby promoting intestinal peristalsis, preventing constipation, clearing the intestine, and inhibiting the proliferation of harmful and toxic bacteria. Gu Qing et al. found that isomaltooligosaccharides can promote the proliferation of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, and inhibit the growth of Clostridium perfringens, by feeding 40 mice with low, medium, and high doses of isomaltooligosaccharides and blank group water as controls. 2.2 Active Polysaccharides
Active polysaccharides play an important role in improving intestinal mucosa and immune processes, protecting the integrity of intestinal barrier structure, and stimulating intestinal endocrine function. They can regulate intestinal microbiota and maintain body health. A study was conducted on different extraction processes of burdock polysaccharides, and it was found that the addition of burdock polysaccharides led to a large proliferation of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. The higher the content of burdock polysaccharides added, the more the number of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria increased. However, there was no significant change in the number of enterobacteria in the intestine. After feeding 28 day old weaned piglets (all weighing around 8.898kg) with diets containing different contents of achyranthes polysaccharides, it was found that the number of Escherichia coli, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli in the intestines of piglets added with achyranthes polysaccharides significantly increased. 2.3 Probiotics
Probiotics include two major categories: Bifidobacterium (infant Bifidobacterium, short Bifidobacterium, and youth Bifidobacterium) and Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus reuteri). Probiotics in the intestine can bind to the intestinal mucosa, forming a biological barrier in the intestine. They utilize their own occupying effect, compete with various nutrients, and secrete various metabolites and bacteriocins to inhibit the proliferation and invasion of opportunistic and exogenous pathogens. Xie Caihong et al. found that Lactobacillus acidophilus helps mice treated with ceftriaxone to recover the number of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, and enterococci in the intestine to before ceftriaxone treatment. A study was conducted on the gut microbiota of rats, and it was found that the proliferation of Bacillus subtilis in the intestine consumed a large amount of oxygen in the intestine. The oxygen concentration in the intestine was significantly reduced, and the growth environment of anaerobic bacteria Bifidobacterium was improved. At the same time, the growth of aerobic bacteria (Enterobacterium and Enterococcus) was inhibited. 2.4 Dietary fiber
Dietary fiber is fermented in the large intestine to obtain usable plant-based components, carbohydrates, and their analogues. At the 26th CCNFDU Conference, dietary fiber was defined as a carbohydrate polymer that cannot be digested and absorbed in the small intestine, with a polymerization degree of no less than 3 (or 10). Dietary fiber includes water-soluble dietary fiber and water-soluble dietary fiber. Insoluble dietary fiber promotes intestinal peristalsis, while water-soluble dietary fiber affects the metabolism of available carbohydrates and lipids to exert metabolic functions. The composition ratio of insoluble dietary fiber and water-soluble dietary fiber in dietary fiber is crucial for the physiological function of dietary fiber.
Shaanxi Huike Botanical Development Co., Ltd. a integrated enterprise which is focus on natural products, Plant extract related products and services.We mainly focus on pharmaceutical, functional food, Freeze-dried powder,Natural Pigment,Homology of medicine and food,beverages and other business services.
For more information about inulin, please contact us!
Email:marketing@huikes.com
2024-02-26
Shaanxi Huike Botanical Development Co., Ltd.
