The new nutritional indicators added by DRIs are expected to exceed a market size of 5 billion US dollars!

July 03, 2024

Recent research suggests that trimethylglycine (TMG) may be a supplement that helps improve the effectiveness of NMN. TMG, also known as betaine, is reported to have a global food betaine market value of $225.8 million in 2023 and is expected to reach $275.1 million by 2030. The compound annual growth rate for the projected period from 2024 to 2030 is 2.9%. The global market size of betaine is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.2% from $3.89 billion in 2023 to $4.13 billion in 2024, and by 2028, its market size is expected to grow to $5.25 billion. This also indicates that betaine has enormous potential in the food market.

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01
Introduction and Regulations of Betaine

Structurally, betaine is linked to three methyl groups on glycine, hence it is also called trimethylglycine (TMG). In the 19th century, betaine was first discovered in plant sugar beets, hence its name. Subsequently, high concentrations of betaine were also found in several other organisms, including wheat bran, wheat germ, spinach, microorganisms, and aquatic invertebrates. Betaine can be synthesized endogenously through choline metabolism or consumed exogenously through consumption. Due to its important biochemical functions, many microorganisms utilize betaine and evolve different metabolic pathways for its biosynthesis and breakdown metabolism.
The 2023 new version of "Reference Intake of Dietary Nutrients for Chinese Residents" also includes betaine, with a specific recommended dietary intake (SPL) of 1.5 grams per day.

In terms of regulations, natural betaine has been approved as a new type of food in the European Union; In the United States, betaine is approved as a GRAS substance; In China, betaine (naturally extracted) belongs to the category of food additives and can be added and used in accordance with the requirements of the National Food Safety Standard for the Use of Food Additives (GB2760-2014) for the consumption of natural flavors.

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02
The role of betaine

Numerous studies have shown that betaine contributes to the cardiovascular system, improves exercise performance and physical recovery, prevents depression, and promotes insulin function and controls blood sugar levels.

1) NAD+Enhanced Supplements

There are many ways for people to cope with aging, but a large number of studies have shown that supplementing the constantly decreasing NAD+levels in cells can slow down or even reverse cellular aging. Many people who take NAD+enhancers (NR and NMN) should have taken betaine because NAD+enhancers reduce the methyl groups in the body and are excreted through the excretion process. As age increases, the body's methylation ability and epigenetic association decrease. The changes in DNA expression are related to disease-related biomarkers, which may lead to health conditions caused by aging. The most important role of betaine is methylation, which mainly provides methyl groups to other parts of the body in two ways: one is to directly provide methyl groups, reducing homocysteine to L-methionine; The second is to increase the level of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) or active folate molecules in the body.

2) Improving heart health

Research has shown that betaine helps reduce homocysteine levels in the blood. Homocysteine is an amino acid, and high levels of this compound can increase the likelihood of developing heart disease. Lower levels of homocysteine are associated with lower risk of stroke and heart disease. High levels of homocysteine can lead to arterial blockage and sclerosis. Human experimental evidence shows that betaine can effectively and reliably reduce homocysteine levels in healthy individuals and individuals with various diseases. A review of five studies in 2013 found that taking 4 grams of betaine daily for 6 weeks could lower blood homocysteine levels in healthy individuals. Another study also had similar results, indicating that patients who received 4 grams of betaine per day had lower blood homocysteine levels and no adverse effects on cardiovascular health. However, the higher the dose, the better. An intake of betaine greater than 4 grams per day also increases total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol.

3) Relieve depressive symptoms

There is evidence to suggest that the use of betaine in the treatment of depression can enhance the effectiveness of certain antidepressants. As mentioned earlier, betaine can increase S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), a substance commonly used in the treatment of mild to moderate depression. In a study of 64 patients with depression, participants who took TMG and SAMe for one year found that their symptom improvement was better than those who used SAMe alone.

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4) Helps with insulin function and protects the liver

In addition, a large number of studies have found that supplementing with betaine can improve insulin resistance. A study has found that consuming large amounts of betaine and choline can effectively reduce insulin resistance. From the research review, it can be seen that betaine supplements (TMG) can inhibit inflammation, improve insulin resistance, reduce liver oxidative stress, and increase autophagy, thereby promoting better liver health and function.

5) Improve athletic performance

Taking betaine supplements will help improve exercise performance. A review of scientific research has found that taking betaine can help improve the body composition and performance of patients undergoing resistance exercise (resistance exercise) and endurance.
Although its mechanism is still unclear. But researchers believe that betaine can increase protein production, reduce fatigue, and increase creatine synthesis. In addition, other research literature has found that supplementing with betaine can significantly increase muscle mass and strength.

6) Other functions

Another main function of betaine is to act as an osmotic pressure regulator, a molecule that enters and exits cells to affect their hydration state. Similar to creatine, an increase in intracellular betaine concentration can promote cell hydration and adaptability to pressure sources. This hydration effect is often used in skincare products. Betaine is a moisturizing amino acid that enters dehydrated areas of the skin through penetration, normalizing the natural moisture content of the skin and restoring the moisturizing mechanism. In addition, it also has sedative and soothing effects on the skin. The moisturizing and plumping functions of betaine make it one of the excellent local wrinkle fillers on the market. It can make the skin softer, more hydrated, and fill fine lines and wrinkles.

Betaine has so many and important functions, and with the increasing awareness of health, it is believed that its value will be increasingly valued. At the same time, its biological effects are also worth further research.

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2024-07-03

Shaanxi Huike Botanical Development Co., Ltd.

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