New Food Ingredients PQQ
June 28, 2024
On February 2, 2023, the National Health Commission issued an acceptance notice for pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium salt (PQQ) with acceptance number: Wei Shi Xin Shen Zi (2023) No. 0001. This is the first new food ingredient accepted in 2023. Previously, PQQ was approved as a new food ingredient in March 2022 in the National Health Commission's Announcement No. 1 of 2022, and its production process is a chemical synthesis method that can be applied in the beverage industry. Process (synthesis method): Pyroquinoquinone disodium salt is made from 6-amino-5-methoxy-1H-ming-2-anterate ethyl ester and 2-oxopentenedioic acid dimethyl cool as raw materials, through coupling reaction, formation of heterocyclic ring, oxidation reaction, hydrolysis reaction, and refining process. Specification and application: The purity of the product is ≥ 98.0 g/100 g (on a dry basis). The recommended consumption amount is ≤ 20 mg/day (i.e., for products with a content of 98.0g/100g of pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium salt, the recommended consumption amount is ≤ 20 mg/day, and products with a content exceeding this amount will be converted into consumption amount based on the actual content).
Scope of use and maximum usage: Beverages (40 mg/kg, solid beverages are converted based on the liquid mass after mixing). In fact, in terms of technology, many domestic enterprises use microbial fermentation synthesis method to produce PQQ, and the fermentation process of PQQ has a long history and has also been recognized abroad. However, currently in China, the scope of use of PQQ derived from fermentation methods is only limited to the export and domestic animal feed fields. Domestic production enterprises, such as Zhucheng Haotian Pharmaceutical Fujian Youbaifu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Fuzhou Kangtai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shandong Jincheng Pharmaceutical, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical, etc., all use fermentation technology to produce PQQ, and their product sales are mainly focused on exports for a long time. Therefore, if the PQQ of the fermentation process is approved, it will greatly reduce costs and quickly promote the market application development of PQQ. 01
What is PQQ
Pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium salt (PQQ), with the chemical formula C14H6N2O8, is a new auxiliary group that has physiological functions similar to vitamins. It is widely present in prokaryotes, plants, and mammals, but its content is extremely low, such as fermented soybeans or natto, milk, eggs, spinach, green peppers, kiwifruit, parsley, tea, papaya, spinach, celery, breast milk, etc. Among them, natto has the highest PQQ content among common foods, about 61ng/g; And currently, the highest PQQ content found in breast milk is only 140-180ng/ml. Animal studies have shown that a lack of PQQ can hinder growth, damage immunity, and lead to reproductive and metabolic problems. Therefore, PQQ exists in animals and plants and participates in their growth and development, making it an essential nutrient for human growth. In 1979, American scientists used X-ray crystal diffraction technology to discover PQQ, which became the third coenzyme discovered for oxidoreductases after nicotinamide nucleotides (NAD+and NADP+) and flavin nucleotides (FAD and FMN). The biological functions of PQQ mainly focus on two aspects, which can support the growth and development of mitochondria and stimulate the rapid growth of human cells; Has good antioxidant properties, can help eliminate free radicals, reduce cell damage; These two major functions make it have strong effects in brain health, cardiovascular health, metabolic health, etc., mainly helping with physical recovery, anti fatigue, etc. Therefore, it is known as the "14th Vitamin" and the "king of immunity" in the world medical community, and is hailed as the "super vitamin" in the United States. It is the most potent bioactive substance discovered by humans so far, which can stimulate the growth of human cells. A small amount of PQQ can improve the metabolism and growth function of biological tissues. The main manifestations are: Improve mitochondria PQQ helps optimize energy generation and has powerful mitochondrial energy supplementation and autophagy functions; At the same time, it can stimulate the biosynthesis of mitochondria, increase their synthesis quantity and enhance their function, thereby improving the utilization rate of mitochondria. In 2013, researchers at the University of California Nutrition Center administered PQQ supplements to 10 individuals (5 males and 5 females) and tested their effectiveness 76 hours later. Blood and urine tests showed that the experimental group receiving PQQ increased fresh mitochondria in cells by approximately 163%.
The King of Immunity
PQQ is the most potent bioactive substance discovered, which can stimulate the growth of lymphocytes such as B cells and T cells in the human body, causing them to produce antibodies, thereby comprehensively improving the immune function of the human body. Strong oxidizing agent
PQQ is a very powerful antioxidant with unique benefits, as it can generate almost continuous catalytic cycles to a greater extent, i.e. the ability to perform repeated oxidation and reduction reactions. PQQ can perform 20000 catalytic conversions, while vitamin C can only provide 4 catalytic conversions, which means that the functional antioxidant protection provided by PQQ is 5000 times that of vitamin C. Helps the brain recognize and remember
PQQ can improve neuronal damage caused by oxygen glucose deprivation model, reduce the changes in Nissl body content caused by factor D-galactose treatment, inhibit neuronal degeneration, and have a weakening effect on nerve damage caused by beta amyloid protein, which helps promote the secretion of neurotrophic factors; PQQ can also inhibit the formation of peroxynitrite, potentially oxidizing the redox sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, thereby reducing the activity of NMDA receptors; Meanwhile, it can serve as an effective antioxidant to protect mitochondrial lipids and proteins, and has been proven to protect mitochondrial function from oxidative damage, promoting the generation of new mitochondria and neurons; In addition, PQQ has significant effects on memory retention and dementia prevention. Detoxification
Japanese scientists have found that PQQ can accelerate the oxidation of acetaldehyde to acetic acid, thereby reducing the content of acetaldehyde in the body and potentially reducing the toxic damage caused by alcohol consumption to the liver. Chinese scholars have found that oral PQQ can effectively reduce blood lead, brain lead, and liver lead levels, without causing the loss of beneficial metal elements such as zinc and copper in the body. ◆ Anti inflammation PQQ has antioxidant properties, which can help neutralize harmful free radicals, prevent cell damage and inflammation. Research has shown that supplementing PQQ can significantly reduce many inflammatory markers in just three days. Improve reproductive function
PQQ can improve animal reproductive function, inhibit ovarian aging caused by age, regulate follicle maturation and ovulation environment, and lack of PQQ may lead to abnormal reproductive ability. Beneficial for cardiovascular health
PQQ can inhibit the production of ROS in myocardial cells and the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby reducing myocardial cell death. So as to protect the heart, prevent myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction, etc. Liver protective effect
PQQ can protect the liver against alcohol and carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage, as well as TAA induced liver fibrosis. Activate longevity genes
According to authoritative journals such as Journal of Cell Science and PNAS, PQQ can activate two longevity related genes, SIRT1 and SIRT3. 02
PQQ certification in foreign markets
In recent years, with the continuous deepening of understanding, PQQ has achieved the most comprehensive efficacy certification, and the United States and the European Union have listed it as a high safety dietary supplement. US: PQQ has obtained GRAS certification from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and can be used as a raw material for energy drinks, sports drinks, electrolyte drinks, and bottled water; In 2009, the United States first approved the first PQQ dietary supplement, which is slightly soluble in water and contains PQQ sodium salt (PQQ-2Na+). EU: On August 13, 2018, the European Commission (ESFA) issued Regulation (EU) 2018/1122 approving pyrroloquinoline quinone sodium salt as a new type of food. According to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 of the European Parliament and of the Council, the European Commission has amended the Annex to Implementing Regulations (EU) 2017/2470 to include sodium pyrroloquinoline quinone as a dietary supplement defined in Directive 2002/46/EC, targeting adults but excluding pregnant and lactating women. The maximum dosage of sodium pyrroloquinoline quinone is 20mg/day. Canada: In 2012, the Canadian Department of Health (HC) approved PQQ as a natural health food. Japan: In 2013, the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) classified PQQ as non pharmaceutical in the food and drug classification.
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Application of PQQ
At present, the common PQQ supplement products on the market are mainly aimed at brain health, sleep aid, energy supplementation, oral beauty, pregnancy assistance, etc. They are often used in combination with various raw materials such as coenzyme Q10, GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid), Ginkgo biloba leaf extract, phosphatidylserine (PS), etc. PQQ+Coenzyme Q10, targeting heart health Both PQQ and coenzyme Q10 are involved in the production of mitochondrial energy, and their synergistic use can achieve better results. This combination is currently the most common PQQ related supplement, mainly used in heart health, energy supplementation, and brain strengthening types of supplements. PQQ+PS, targeting brain health Over time, the mitochondria of the nervous system and nerve cells in the brain will continue to degrade. In addition to damaging memory and attention, mitochondrial degeneration is also associated with diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. PQQ supplemented with puzzle ingredients such as PS can not only prevent mitochondrial degeneration, but also support better brain performance and enhance memory. PQQ+GABA, targeting sleep health PQQ can alleviate sleep disorders caused by anxiety by lowering the stress hormone cortisol, effectively reducing sleep time and improving sleep quality. It can be used in combination with sleep aids such as GABA. Other
PQQ can also be used with kudzu root, turmeric, probiotics, etc. to relieve hangover, and with vitamins C, zinc, vitamin D, etc. to enhance the body's immune system. In recent years, with the continuous deepening of cognition, PQQ has achieved the most comprehensive efficacy certification and is widely used as a dietary supplement or food in multiple countries and regions around the world. From the current distribution of PQQ application markets, it is still more concentrated in overseas markets, often used in energy drinks, sports drinks, electrolyte drinks, nutritional supplements, etc. There are very few products that have already been launched in China, mostly in the form of solid drinks. Terminal products usually add other functional ingredients in addition to PQQ to make low-dose beverage products. As a new type of raw material, PQQ has been recognized for its positive role in nutrition and health. Due to its powerful functions, high safety, and good stability, it has broad development prospects in the field of functional foods.
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2024-06-28
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