The Function and Product Development of Sour Sweet Passion Fruit
March 20, 2024
Passiflora fruit, also known as passion fruit, Brazilian fruit, or egg fruit, is a general term for the fruit of perennial woody vines in the Passiflora family.
Its fruit is elliptical or nearly circular, originating from tropical regions. Introduced in China in 1913, it is currently cultivated in Taiwan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Chongqing, Yunnan and other places. According to the shape and quality of passion fruit, it can be divided into purple passion fruit, yellow passion fruit and other types. 01
The functions of passion fruit
1. Anti anxiety and sedative functions
In the United States and some European countries, passion fruit is widely used as a source of anti anxiety or sedative drugs. Dhawan et al. conducted experiments using a specialized anxiety measuring device, the elevated cross maze, to determine the effects of passion fruit methanol extract on mice. The results showed that a dose of 10mg/kg had a significant anti anxiety effect. Deng et al. used ethanol, water, and other solvents to extract passion fruit, and studied its anti anxiety properties using the same method. The results showed a dose-dependent pattern, with low doses mainly exhibiting anti anxiety properties and high doses exhibiting sedative properties. 2. Anti inflammatory effects
Passion fruit contains rich flavonoids and has good anti-inflammatory effects. Beninca et al. established an inflammatory model in mice using carrageenan, bradykinin, and histamine, and measured the anti-inflammatory effects of water extract and n-butanol extract of passion fruit with dexamethasone as the control group. The results showed that both substances could inhibit the migration of white blood cells, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators, demonstrating anti-inflammatory effects. 3. Anti addiction function
As early as in India's traditional healthcare system, it has been used as an anti dependence substance for morphine. There have also been studies reporting on the dependence of passion fruit on marijuana, diazepam, and alcohol formation, all of which indicate that passion fruit has anti addictive effects. Passion fruit has antagonistic effects on various addictive substances, indicating its broad application prospects in the treatment of drug addiction, and also providing new ideas for the development of safe and effective drug rehabilitation drugs. 4. Antioxidant function
The polyphenolic components contained in passion fruit have antioxidant properties. It can effectively eliminate excess free radicals in the body, protect against free radical induced damage to biomolecules, and play an important role in the prevention and treatment of various diseases in the body, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. 02
Product development of passion fruit
Besides having various bioactive functions, passion fruit processing has also become a major research hotspot in recent years. 1. Juice development
The passion fruit is large and its juice is egg yellow. Due to its rich aroma and unique taste, it is known as the "king of beverages". 1) Fruit tea
Tea, as an ancient traditional beverage in China, has functions such as preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and anti-aging. A health drink with passion fruit and tea as the main raw materials has been developed, which combines the effects and aroma of tea and passion fruit. And the production process was studied, which showed that the quality of the tea juice obtained by soaking black tea at pH 5, temperature 90 ℃, and tea water ratio 1:50 for 20 minutes was better. The optimal formula was also obtained through orthogonal experiments, and the stabilizing effect of the stabilizing composite agent was studied. Research has also been conducted on the production process of passion fruit green tea, with the addition of over 0.2% concentrated passion fruit juice. The fruit tea has a soft and refreshing taste. 2) Compound fruit juice
Passion fruit juice has a refreshing and pleasing color. It can not only be processed into juice alone, but can also be mixed with other fruits and vegetables such as snow lotus fruit and pineapple to form composite juice, in order to improve the taste and aroma of the juice. We also use passion fruit as the main raw material, add an appropriate amount of fresh carrot juice, milk powder, various vitamins and their excipients, and develop a composite beverage with excellent export sensation, unique flavor, and stable quality. This beverage combines fresh fruit and vegetable juice with milk organically, and has the characteristics of high quality protein and high vitamins. 3) Fermented fruit juice
The juice aroma of passion fruit processed with insufficient maturity is insufficient, which can easily produce unpleasant and astringent flavors. Wei Yufang used passion fruit, white sugar, and high alcohol as the main raw materials to obtain passion fruit wine through fermentation. Based on the fruit wine, certain additives were added to make a special taste passion fruit cocktail. An experiment was conducted on the processing of passion fruit vinegar, and the production process was studied. The suitable conditions for alcohol fermentation and acetic acid fermentation were determined. The obtained fruit vinegar contains the unique aroma of passion fruit, with a soft sour taste and rich nutrition. It also has the effects of protecting cardiovascular system, regulating acid-base balance in the body, and improving immune system. It also has the nutritional and health benefits of fruits and vinegar. 2. Peel development
1) Jam and preserved fruit
People usually pay attention to the processing and utilization of passion fruit juice, but 35% to 40% of the fruit peel is often discarded or processed into feed, causing certain waste. Therefore, many scholars have begun to try to develop the fruit peel. Fresh passion fruit peel is boiled in boiling water, rinsed with cold water, and the inner peel is removed. Sugar, an appropriate amount of citric acid, and passion fruit juice are added to grind the sauce to produce passion fruit jam. The peel contains natural pigments and fruit aroma, eliminating the need for artificial coloring and fragrance. Jam can be used to mix fruit juice, smoothies, ice cream, milk tea, coated pastries, or made into pastry fillings. The cold and hot sugar boiling method was used to process the peels of yellow passion fruit and purple passion fruit. Comparative analysis showed that yellow passion fruit is more suitable for the preparation of preserved fruits. The core of this process is to master the amount of sugar and the time of sugar boiling. When studying the processing technology of low candy candies, a comparison was made between the multiple cooking method and the fast cooking method. The results showed that the fast cooking method has a fast sugar infiltration speed, short processing time, and is more suitable for industrial processing. At the same time, measures such as adding citric acid solution to the sugar solution were proposed to extend the shelf life. By adding carboxymethyl cellulose sodium, the drying phenomenon caused by insufficient sugar consumption was effectively prevented, and the sensory quality of the product was improved. 2) Pectin
Pectin is a hydrophilic plant gum with excellent taste, low sugar, and low calorie properties, widely used in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Passion fruit contains 2.0% to 4.5% pectin, making it a high-quality raw material for extracting pectin. Pinheiro et al. optimized the experimental conditions for obtaining high-fat pectin from passion fruit peel using citric acid using response surface analysis, and found that the concentration of citric acid was a key factor. 3. Seed development
Passion fruit seeds are black, accounting for 8% to 14% of the fresh weight of the fruit. They are generally discarded as waste during juice processing. In fact, passion fruit seeds have high research and development value. The seeds contain 21.7% to 25.2% oil, and their fatty acids are mainly linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and linolenic acid, with unsaturated fatty acids exceeding 85%. The commonly used methods for extracting passion fruit seed oil include pressing, organic solvent extraction, and microwave extraction, which can obtain clear, transparent, odorless, and high-quality edible oil.
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2024-02-26
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